Peptide Guides & Articles
Evidence-informed guides on peptides — dosage, benefits, side effects, and comparisons.
Apelin Peptide Signaling and Cardiovascular Function—What Human Research Shows
Apelin is an important endogenous peptide involved in cardiovascular and renal signaling. Controlled human research shows that short-term apelin administration can increase cardiac output, …
ARA-290 and Tissue-Protective Signaling—What Early Research Examines
ARA-290 is an experimental EPO-derived peptide studied for tissue-protective, anti-inflammatory and nerve-related signaling. Small clinical trials involving sarcoidosis-associated and diabetic small-fiber neuropathy have reported …
What Is Kisspeptin? Hormone Signaling and What Studies Show
This article is intended for educational and scientific-information purposes only. It does not provide medical advice or recommend kisspeptin for fertility, hormone replacement, or …
Melanin-Concentrating Hormone and REM Sleep—What the Research Reveals
Melanin-concentrating hormone is one of the most interesting peptide systems involved in REM sleep regulation. Animal and neural-circuit studies indicate that MCH neurons become …
VIP and the Circadian Clock—How Peptide Signaling Helps Organize Sleep Timing
VIP is an important neuropeptide within the brain’s central circadian clock. Research indicates that it helps synchronize clock neurons and supports normal responses to …
GLP-1, Satiety, and Changes in Body Fat
GLP-1 is a natural gut peptide involved in post-meal signaling, fullness, and energy intake. Human studies show that GLP-1 pathway activation can reduce hunger …
Peptide YY, Appetite, and Healthy Fat Loss
Peptide YY is a natural gut hormone involved in communication between the digestive system and appetite-control pathways in the brain. Human studies suggest that …
Antimicrobial Peptides: Nature's First Line of Defense Against Infection
Antimicrobial peptides are essential components of the innate immune system and remain one of the most exciting areas of peptide research. Their ability to …
How Immunomodulatory Peptides Help Support Immune System Research
Immunomodulatory peptides represent an exciting area of scientific research due to their ability to influence immune system communication and regulation. While research is ongoing, …